List Articles Directory Eritrea: June 2012

Saturday, June 30, 2012

efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir

ef-a-VYE-renz, em-trye-SYE-ta-been, ten-OF-oh-vir dye-soe-PROX-il FUE-ma-rate

Oral route(Tablet)

Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatal cases, have been reported with the use of nucleoside analogues in combination with other antiretrovirals. Not approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the safety and efficacy have not been established in patients coinfected with HBV and HIV-1. Severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis B have been reported in patients who have discontinued emtricitabine or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Monitor hepatic function upon discontinuation of therapy in patients coinfected with HIV-1 and HBV .

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

Atripla

Available Dosage Forms:

Tablet

Therapeutic Class: Antiretroviral Agent

Pharmacologic Class: Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Uses For efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir

Efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir combination is used alone or with other anti-HIV medicines to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV is the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir does not cure or prevent HIV or AIDS; however, it helps keep HIV from reproducing and appears to slow down the destruction of the immune system. This may help delay the development of problems that usually result from AIDS or HIV disease. It will not keep you from spreading HIV to other people. People who receive efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir may continue to have some of the problems usually related to AIDS or HIV disease.

efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir combination in children younger than 18 years of age. Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Geriatric

Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir combination in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related kidney, liver, or heart problems, which may require caution in patients receiving efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir combination.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	D	Studies in pregnant women have demonstrated a risk to the fetus. However, the benefits of therapy in a life threatening situation or a serious disease, may outweigh the potential risk.

Breast Feeding

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.

Astemizole

Bepridil

Cisapride

Dihydroergotamine

Ergoloid Mesylates

Ergonovine

Ergotamine

Methylergonovine

Methysergide

Midazolam

Pimozide

St John's Wort

Triazolam

Using efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Adefovir Dipivoxil

Amprenavir

Atazanavir

Bexarotene

Boceprevir

Cyclosporine

Dexamethasone

Didanosine

Etravirine

Everolimus

Fosamprenavir

Itraconazole

Maraviroc

Nevirapine

Posaconazole

Rifabutin

Rifampin

Rifapentine

Rilpivirine

Sirolimus

Tacrolimus

Telaprevir

Tolvaptan

Voriconazole

Using efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Atazanavir

Atorvastatin

Bupropion

Carbamazepine

Caspofungin

Clarithromycin

Darunavir

Desogestrel

Dienogest

Diltiazem

Drospirenone

Estradiol Cypionate

Estradiol Valerate

Ethinyl Estradiol

Ethynodiol Diacetate

Etonogestrel

Indinavir

Ketoconazole

Levonorgestrel

Lopinavir

Medroxyprogesterone Acetate

Mestranol

Methadone

Norelgestromin

Norethindrone

Norgestimate

Norgestrel

Pravastatin

Proguanil

Ritonavir

Saquinavir

Sertraline

Simvastatin

Telaprevir

Tipranavir

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Proper Use of efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir

Take efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir exactly as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered.

efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir comes with a patient information insert. Read and follow the instructions in the insert carefully. Ask your doctor if you have any questions.

Do not change the dose or stop using efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir without checking first with your doctor. When your supply of efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir is running low, contact your doctor or pharmacist ahead of time. Do not allow yourself to run out of efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir.

You should take efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir on an empty stomach.

Take efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir at the same time each day, preferably at bedtime.

Keep taking efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir for the full time of treatment even if you begin to feel better. It is also important that you continue taking all of the medicines that your doctor has given you for HIV infection.

Dosing

The dose of efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

For treatment of HIV infection:
- For oral dosage form (tablets):
  - Adults—1 tablet once a day with water. Each tablet contains efavirenz 600 milligrams (mg), emtricitabine 200 mg, and tenofovir 300 mg.
  - Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.

Precautions While Using efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir

Your doctor will want to check your progress at regular visits, especially during the first few weeks that you take efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir. Blood tests may be needed to check for any unwanted effects.

Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or non-prescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements.

You should not use any of the following medicines while you are taking efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir combination:

Adefovir (Hepsera®).

Anti-HIV medicines that contain efavirenz, emtricitabine, or tenofovir (Complera™, Emtriva®, Sustiva®, Truvada®, or Viread®).

Bepridil (Vascor®).

Cisapride (Propulsid®).

Ergotamine medicines (dihydroergotamine, ergonovine, ergotamine, methylergonovine, Cafergot®, Ergomar®, or Wigraine®).

Lamivudine-containing medicines (Combivir®, Epivir®, Epivir-HBV®, Epzicom™, or Trizivir®).

Midazolam (Versed®).

Pimozide (Orap®).

St. John's wort.

Triazolam (Halcion®).

Voriconazole (Vfend®).

Two rare but serious reactions to efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir are lactic acidosis (too much acid in the blood) and liver toxicity, including an enlarged liver. These are more common if you are female, very overweight (obese), or have been taking anti-HIV medicines for a long time. Call your doctor right away if you have abdominal or stomach discomfort; cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or a decreased appetite; muscle cramping or pain; unusual tiredness or weakness; trouble with breathing; or yellow skin or eyes.

efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir may increase your risk of having serious mental or behavioral problems. Tell your doctor if you develop mood changes, strange thoughts, or any unusual behavior while you are using efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir.

Some people who have used efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir developed serious skin problems. Stop using efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir and tell your doctor right away if you notice a severe skin rash; blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin; red skin lesions; sores or ulcers on the skin; or fever or chills while you are using efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir.

efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir may also increase your risk of developing fractures (broken bones). Ask your doctor about this if you have any concerns.

Using efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir while you are pregnant can harm your unborn baby. Use an effective form of birth control to keep from getting pregnant. You should not become pregnant while you are taking efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir and for 12 weeks after stopping it. Some birth control pills may not work as well while you are using efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir. Use birth control pills together with another form of birth control, such as a condom, diaphragm, or contraceptive foam or jelly. If you think you have become pregnant while using the medicine, tell your doctor right away.

efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir does not decrease the risk of transmitting the HIV infection to others through sexual contact or by contaminated blood. Make sure you understand and practice safe sex, even if your partner also has HIV. Avoid sharing needles with anyone.

efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir may cause some people to become dizzy, lightheaded, drowsy, or less alert than they are normally. Even if taken at bedtime, it may cause some people to feel drowsy or less alert on arising. Be careful to limit the amount of alcohol that you drink, since alcohol can also make you drowsy. Make sure you know how you react to efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are not alert.

When you start taking HIV medicines, your immune system may get stronger. If you already have certain infections, such as pneumonia or tuberculosis, you may notice new symptoms when your body tries to fight them. If this occurs, be sure to tell your doctor.

efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir may cause you to have excess body fat. Tell your doctor if you notice changes in your body shape, such as an increased amount of fat in the upper back and neck, or around the chest and stomach area. You might also lose fat from the legs, arms, and face.

Make sure any doctor or dentist who treats you knows that you are using efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir. efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir may affect the results of certain medical tests.

efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

Less common

Abdominal or stomach pain or tenderness

blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin

body aches or pain

chills

clay-colored stools

cough

dark urine

ear congestion

fever

headache

itching

loss of voice

muscle aches

nasal congestion

nausea and vomiting

right upper stomach pain and fullness

severe skin rash

shortness of breath

sneezing

sore throat

swelling of the feet or lower legs

tightness of the chest

trouble breathing

trouble concentrating

wheezing

yellow eyes or skin

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common

Diarrhea

dizziness

unusual tiredness or weakness

Less common

Abnormal dreams

decreased appetite

discouragement

feeling sad or empty

irritability

loss of appetite

loss of interest or pleasure

mild rash

pain or tenderness around the eyes and cheekbones

sleepiness

sleeplessness

stuffy or runny nose

trouble sleeping

unable to sleep

unusual drowsiness

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir side effects (in more detail)

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More efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir resources

Efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir Side Effects (in more detail)
Efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir Dosage
Efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir Drug Interactions
Efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir Support Group
34 Reviews for Efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir - Add your own review/rating

Compare efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir with other medications

HIV Infection

Tuesday, June 26, 2012

Afeditab CR

Generic Name: nifedipine (Oral route)

nye-FED-i-peen

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

Adalat CC

Afeditab CR

Nifediac CC

Nifedical XL

Procardia

Procardia XL

Available Dosage Forms:

Capsule, Liquid Filled

Tablet, Extended Release

Tablet

Capsule

Therapeutic Class: Cardiovascular Agent

Pharmacologic Class: Calcium Channel Blocker

Chemical Class: Dihydropyridine

Uses For Afeditab CR

Nifedipine is used alone or together with other medicines to treat severe chest pain (angina) or high blood pressure (hypertension). High blood pressure adds to the workload of the heart and arteries. If it continues for a long time, the heart and arteries may not function properly. This can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys, resulting in a stroke, heart failure, or kidney failure. High blood pressure may also increase the risk of heart attacks. These problems may be less likely to occur if blood pressure is controlled.

Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker. It works by affecting the movement of calcium into the cells of the heart and blood vessels. As a result, nifedipine relaxes blood vessels and increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart while reducing its workload.

This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using Afeditab CR

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of nifedipine in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Geriatric

Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of nifedipine in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related kidney, liver, or heart problems which may require caution and an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving nifedipine.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	C	Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding

Studies in women suggest that this medication poses minimal risk to the infant when used during breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.

Carbamazepine

Phenobarbital

Phenytoin

Rifabutin

Rifampin

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Amiodarone

Atazanavir

Clarithromycin

Dantrolene

Fentanyl

Mibefradil

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Acebutolol

Alprenolol

Atenolol

Betaxolol

Bevantolol

Bisoprolol

Bucindolol

Carteolol

Carvedilol

Celiprolol

Cimetidine

Clopidogrel

Dalfopristin

Dilevalol

Diltiazem

Doxazosin

Esmolol

Fluconazole

Ginkgo

Ginseng

Indinavir

Itraconazole

Ketoconazole

Labetalol

Levobunolol

Magnesium

Mepindolol

Metipranolol

Metoprolol

Micafungin

Nadolol

Nafcillin

Nebivolol

Oxprenolol

Penbutolol

Pindolol

Propranolol

Quinidine

Quinupristin

Rifapentine

Sotalol

St John's Wort

Tacrolimus

Talinolol

Tertatolol

Timolol

Vincristine

Vincristine Liposome

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Using this medicine with any of the following may cause an increased risk of certain side effects but may be unavoidable in some cases. If used together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use this medicine, or give you special instructions about the use of food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Grapefruit Juice

Proper Use of nifedipine

This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain nifedipine. It may not be specific to Afeditab CR. Please read with care.

In addition to the use of this medicine, treatment for your high blood pressure may include weight control and changes in the types of foods you eat, especially foods high in sodium (salt). Your doctor will tell you which of these are most important for you. You should check with your doctor before changing your diet.

Many patients who have high blood pressure will not notice any signs of the problem. In fact, many may feel normal. It is very important that you take your medicine exactly as directed and that you keep your appointments with your doctor even if you feel well.

Remember that this medicine will not cure your high blood pressure, but it does help control it. You must continue to take it as directed if you expect to lower your blood pressure and keep it down. You may have to take high blood pressure medicine for the rest of your life. If high blood pressure is not treated, it can cause serious problems such as heart failure, blood vessel disease, stroke, or kidney disease.

Swallow the extended release tablet whole. Do not break, crush, or chew it. It is best to take this tablet on an empty stomach.

If you are taking the extended-release tablets, part of the tablet may pass into your stool after your body has absorbed the medicine. This is normal and nothing to worry about.

Dosing

The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

For treatment of chest pain or high blood pressure:
- For oral dosage form (capsules):
  - Adults—At first, 10 milligrams (mg) three times a day. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed.
  - Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.
- For oral dosage form (extended-release tablets):
  - Adults—At first, 30 or 60 milligrams (mg) once a day. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 90 mg once a day.
  - Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.

Precautions While Using Afeditab CR

It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure that this medicine is working properly and to check for unwanted effects.

You should not use this medicine if you are also taking certain other medications such as carbamazepine (Tegretol®), phenobarbital (Luminal®), phenytoin (Dilantin®), rifabutin (Mycobutin®), rifampin (Rifadin®, Rimactane®), or St. John's Wort. Using these medicines together can cause serious problems. Make sure your doctor knows all of the medications you are taking.

Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting may occur, especially when you get up suddenly from a lying or sitting position. These symptoms are more likely to occur when you begin taking this medicine, or when the dose is increased.

This medicine may cause fluid retention (edema) in some patients. Tell your doctor right away if you have bloating or swelling of the face, arms, hands, lower legs, or feet; tingling of the hands or feet; or unusual weight gain or loss.

Do not stop taking this medicine without first checking with your doctor. Your doctor may want you to gradually reduce the amount you are using before stopping completely.

Make sure any doctor or dentist who treats you knows that you are using this medicine. You may need to stop using this medicine several days before having surgery or medical tests. This medicine may affect the results of certain medical tests.

Grapefruits and grapefruit juice may increase the effects of nifedipine by increasing the amount of this medicine in your body. You should not eat grapefruit or drink grapefruit juice while you taking this medicine.

Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements.

Afeditab CR Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

More common

Bloating or swelling of the face, arms, hands, lower legs, or feet

cough

difficult or labored breathing

dizziness or lightheadedness

fast, irregular, pounding, or racing heartbeat or pulse

feeling of warmth

headache

muscle cramps

rapid weight gain

shakiness in the legs, arms, hands, or feet

shortness of breath

tightness in the chest

tingling of the hands or feet

trembling or shaking of the hands or feet

unusual weight gain or loss

weakness

wheezing

Less common

Blue lips and fingernails

chest congestion

chest pain

chills

coughing that sometimes produces a pink frothy sputum

decreased urine output

difficult, fast, or noisy breathing, sometimes with wheezing

dilated neck veins

extreme fatigue

fever

increased sweating

irregular breathing

nausea

pain or discomfort in the arms, jaw, back, or neck

pale skin

severe unusual tiredness or weakness

sweating

troubled breathing

vomiting

Rare

Black, tarry stools

bleeding gums

blood in the eyes

blood in the urine or stools

bloody stools

bluish color

blurred vision

body aches or pain

changes in skin color

cold sweats

dark urine

difficulty with swallowing

dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position

dry mouth

dryness or soreness of throat

ear congestion or pain

extra heartbeats

eye pain

feeling unusually cold

general tiredness and weakness

headache, severe and throbbing

hoarseness

increased urge to urinate during the night

irritation in the mouth

itching

large, hive-like swelling on face, eyelids, lips, tongue, throat, hands, legs, feet, or sex organs

light-colored stools

nasal congestion

neck pain

nervousness

no blood pressure or pulse

noisy breathing

pain

pain in the groin or genitals

pain or burning while urinating

painful or difficult urination

pinpoint red spots on the skin

puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue

redness and swelling of the gums

redness in the whites of the eyes

runny nose

shakiness and unsteady walk

sharp back pain just below ribs

shivering

skin rash

small clicking, bubbling, or rattling sounds in the lung when listening with a stethoscope

sneezing

sore throat

sores, ulcers, or white spots on the lips or in the mouth

stopping of heart

swelling around the eyes

swollen glands

tenderness

tender, swollen glands in the neck

troubled breathing with exertion

unconsciousness

unsteadiness, trembling, or other problems with muscle control or coordination

unusual bleeding or bruising

upper right abdominal or stomach pain

vision changes

voice changes

vomiting of blood or material that looks like coffee grounds

waking to urinate at night

yellow eyes and skin

More common

Belching

feeling of indigestion

mood changes

pain in the chest below the breastbone

redness of the face, neck, arms, and occasionally, upper chest

Less common

Abnormal ejaculation

bloody nose

burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, "pins and needles", or tingling feelings

decreased interest in sexual intercourse

decreased sexual performance or desire

diarrhea

difficulty having a bowel movement (stool)

excess air or gas in stomach or intestines

feeling of constant movement of self or surroundings

full feeling

general feeling of discomfort or illness

inability to have or keep an erection

increased need to urinate

joint stiffness

leg cramps or pain

loss in sexual ability, desire, drive, or performance

nervousness

passing gas

passing urine more often

sneezing

stuffy nose

trouble sleeping

Rare

Acid or sour stomach

ankle, knee, or great toe joint pain

cracks in the skin

difficulty with moving

discouragement

excessive muscle tone

fear or nervousness

feeling sad or empty

hair loss or thinning of the hair

heartburn

increased sensitivity of the skin to sunlight

irritability

itching, pain, redness, swelling, tenderness, or warmth on the skin

lack of appetite

lack or loss of strength

loss of heat from the body

loss of interest or pleasure

loss of strength or energy

loss in sexual ability, desire, drive, or performance

lower back or side pain

muscle pain or weakness

muscle stiffness

muscle tension or tightness

pain or burning in the throat

red, swollen skin

redness or other discoloration of the skin

scaly skin

severe sunburn

sleepiness or unusual drowsiness

sleeplessness

stomach discomfort, upset, or pain

swelling of the breasts or breast soreness in both females and males

tiredness

trouble concentrating

unable to sleep

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Afeditab CR side effects (in more detail)

More Afeditab CR resources

Afeditab CR Side Effects (in more detail)
Afeditab CR Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Drug Images
Afeditab CR Drug Interactions
Afeditab CR Support Group
0 Reviews for Afeditab CR - Add your own review/rating

Afeditab CR Prescribing Information (FDA)

Adalat Consumer Overview

Adalat CC Prescribing Information (FDA)

Adalat CC Sustained-Release Tablets MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Nifediac CC Prescribing Information (FDA)

Nifedical XL Prescribing Information (FDA)

Nifedipine MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Nifedipine Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)

Nifedipine Monograph (AHFS DI)

Procardia Prescribing Information (FDA)

Procardia XL Prescribing Information (FDA)

Compare Afeditab CR with other medications

High Blood Pressure

Sunday, June 24, 2012

PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops

Pronunciation: DEX-troe-meth-OR-fan
Generic Name: Dextromethorphan
Brand Name: PediaCare Long-Acting Cough

PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops are used for:

Temporarily relieving cough due to the common cold, hay fever, upper respiratory tract infections, sinus inflammation, sore throat, or bronchitis.

PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops are a cough suppressant. It works in the cough center of the brain to reduce a dry or nonproductive cough.

Do NOT use PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops if:

you are allergic to any ingredient in PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops

you have taken furazolidone or a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor (eg, phenelzine) within the last 14 days

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops:

Some medical conditions may interact with PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops. Tell your health care provider if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

if you have a history of chronic cough, asthma, lung problems (eg, chronic bronchitis, emphysema), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or if cough occurs with a large amount of mucus

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

Furazolidone or MAO inhibitors (eg, phenelzine) because the risk of serious side effects, such as severe low blood pressure, fever, severe muscle problems, and possibly death, may be increased by PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops:

Use PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops may be taken with or without food. If stomach upset occurs, take with food to reduce stomach irritation.

To use, cut off the top of the freezer pop sleeve and push freezer pop up from the bottom. PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops may be eaten frozen or the contents of 1 unfrozen sleeve may be poured into a cup or glass to drink. Immediately throw away any unused portion of the opened medicine.

If you miss a dose of PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops and you are taking it regularly, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops.

Important safety information:

PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops may cause drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision, or lightheadedness. Do not drive, operate machinery, or do anything else that could be dangerous until you know how you react to PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops. Using PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops alone, with certain other medicines, or with alcohol may lessen your ability to drive or perform other potentially dangerous tasks.

If your cough lasts for more than 1 week or comes back, or if you also have a fever, rash, or persistent headache, contact your doctor. A persistent cough could be a sign of a serious condition.

PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops contains dextromethorphan. Before you begin taking any new prescription or nonprescription medicine, read the ingredients to see if it also contains dextromethorphan. If it does or if you are not sure, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Diabetes patients - Some brands of PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops may contain sugar and affect your blood sugar level. Read the label carefully before using PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops.

PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops are not recommended for use in CHILDREN younger than 2 years of age. Safety and effectiveness in this age group have not been confirmed.

PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: It is unknown if PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops can cause harm to the fetus. If you become pregnant while taking PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops during pregnancy. It is unknown if PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops are excreted in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops.

Possible side effects of PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Dizziness; drowsiness; stomach upset.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue).

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: PediaCare Long-Acting Cough side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include confusion; excitement; hallucinations; slowed breathing.

Proper storage of PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops:

Store PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

If you have any questions about PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops are to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.

If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.

Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Freezer Pops. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

More PediaCare Long-Acting Cough resources

PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Side Effects (in more detail)
PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
PediaCare Long-Acting Cough Drug Interactions
0 Reviews for PediaCare Long-Acting Cough - Add your own review/rating

Compare PediaCare Long-Acting Cough with other medications

Cough

Sunday, June 17, 2012

Sentry HC Petrodex Breath Spray

Dosage Form: FOR ANIMAL USE ONLY
Breath Spray for Dogs and Cats

Indications and Usage

Breath Spray for dogs and cats

- helps control offensive bad breath

- soothes irritated gums

- Helps fight bacteria that causes plaque

Directions

Gently pull back lips and cheek to expose the back teeth. Spray teeth, gums and mouth 3-4 times. Apply daily.

Active Ingredients

0.95% Zinc Gluconate, 0.05% Methyl Salicylate

Inactive Ingredients

Purified Water, Glycerin, Xylitol, Citric Acid, Artificial Fruit Flavor,Glucose Oxidase (Aspergilus niger), Glycine, Potassium Sorbate (a preservative), Sodium Benzoate (a preservative), FD and C Red #33, Lysozyme.

Warning

Avoid contact with eyes.

KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN

Store at room temperature.

Package Label Principal Display Panel

Sentry HC Petrodex Breath Spray

Distributed by:

Sergeant's Pet Care Products, Inc., Omaha NE 68130

Made in USA

www.sentrypetcare.com

Sentry HC Petrodex Breath Spray
zinc gluconate, methyl salicylate liquid

Product Information
Product Type	OTC ANIMAL DRUG	NDC Product Code (Source)	21091-531
Route of Administration	DENTAL	DEA Schedule

Active Ingredient/Active Moiety
Ingredient Name	Basis of Strength	Strength
ZINC GLUCONATE (ZINC CATION)	ZINC GLUCONATE	1.12100 mL in 118 mL
METHYL SALICYLATE (METHYL SALICYLATE)	METHYL SALICYLATE	0.05 mL in 118 mL

Inactive Ingredients
Ingredient Name	Strength
No Inactive Ingredients Found

Product Characteristics
Color	pink (Light Pink)	Score
Shape		Size
Flavor	FRUIT (FRUIT)	Imprint Code
Contains

Packaging
#	NDC	Package Description	Multilevel Packaging
1	21091-531-04	118 mL In 1 BOTTLE, SPRAY	None

Marketing Information
Marketing Category	Application Number or Monograph Citation	Marketing Start Date	Marketing End Date
unapproved drug other		12/01/2008

Labeler - Sergeant's Pet Care Products, Inc. (876995171)

Establishment
Name	Address	ID/FEI	Operations
Span Packaging Services		557434805	manufacture, relabel, repack

Revised: 04/2010Sergeant's Pet Care Products, Inc.

Saturday, June 16, 2012

Heart Failure (Congestive Heart Failure) Medications

Definition of Heart Failure:

The purpose of the heart is to pump blood, which contains oxygen and nutrients, to the rest of the body. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is simply the failure of the heart to perform this main function adequately. Of course, a lack of blood pumped to the body is only considered CHF if the heart actually receives a sufficient volume of blood from the incoming vessels in the first place (i.e., normal filling pressures). When there is not enough blood for the heart to pump out, the problem is not CHF.

Congestive Heart Failure occurs when the flow of blood from the heart (cardiac output) decreases, or fluid backs-up behind the failing ventricle, or both.

Drugs associated with Heart Failure

The following drugs and medications are in some way related to, or used in the treatment of Heart Failure. This service should be used as a supplement to, and NOT a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.

Learn more about Heart Failure (Congestive Heart Failure)

Micromedex Care Notes:

Congestive Heart Failure

Medical Encyclopedia:

Heart failure
Rheumatic fever

Harvard Health Guide:

Symptoms and treatment for Heart Failure

Drug List:

Cardene-Sr-Sustained-Release-Capsules

Cardizem

Cardizem-Cd-24-Hour-Sustained-Release-Beads-Capsules

Cardizem-La-24-Hour-Extended-Release-Beads-Tablets

Cartia-Xt-24-Hour-Sustained-Release-Beads-Capsules

Clinacort-Injection

Clinalog-Injection

Coreg

Coreg-Cr-Extended-Release-Capsules

Coumadin

Demadex

Digitek

Dilacor-Xr-24-Hour-Sustained-Release-Capsules

Dilatrate-Sr

Dilt-Xr-24-Hour-Sustained-Release-Capsules

Diltia-Xt-24-Hour-Sustained-Release-Capsules

Diltiazem-Hydrochloride-Cd

Diltiazem-Hydrochloride-Sr

Diltiazem-Hydrochloride-Xr

Diltiazem-Hydrochloride-Xt

Kenalog-40-Suspension

Metoprolol-Succinate-Er

Nitro-Td-Patch-A-Transdermal

Nitro-Bid-Ointment

Nitro-Dur-Patch

Nitro-Time-Controlled-Release-Capsules

Nitrocot

Nitrogard

Nitrol-Appli-Kit-Topical

Nitrolingual-Pumpspray-Spray

Triamonide-40-Injection

Friday, June 15, 2012

clonidine and chlorthalidone

KLOE-ni-deen hye-droe-KLOR-ide, klor-THAL-i-done

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

Clorpres

Available Dosage Forms:

Tablet

Therapeutic Class: Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist/Thiazide Combination

Pharmacologic Class: Clonidine

Chemical Class: Thiazide Related

Uses For clonidine and chlorthalidone

Clonidine and chlorthalidone combinations are used in the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension).

High blood pressure adds to the work load of the heart and arteries. If it continues for a long time, the heart and arteries may not function properly. This can damage the blood vessels of the brain, heart, and kidneys resulting in a stroke, heart failure, or kidney failure. Hypertension may also increase the risk of heart attacks. These problems may be less likely to occur if blood pressure is controlled.

Clonidine works by controlling nerve impulses along certain body nerve pathways. As a result, it relaxes blood vessels so that blood passes through them more easily. The chlorthalidone in this combination is a diuretic (water pill) that helps reduce the amount of water in the body by increasing the flow of urine.

Clonidine and chlorthalidone combination is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using clonidine and chlorthalidone

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For clonidine and chlorthalidone, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to clonidine and chlorthalidone or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Studies on clonidine and chlorthalidone have been done only in adult patients, and there is no specific information comparing use of clonidine and chlorthalidone combination in children with use in other age groups. However, children may be more sensitive than adults to clonidine. Clonidine overdose has been reported when children accidentally took clonidine and chlorthalidone.

Geriatric

Dizziness or lightheadedness and signs of too much potassium loss may be more likely to occur in the elderly, who are more sensitive to the effects of clonidine and chlorthalidone.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	C	Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking clonidine and chlorthalidone, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using clonidine and chlorthalidone with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Acebutolol

Acetyldigoxin

Amitriptyline

Amoxapine

Arsenic Trioxide

Atenolol

Bepridil

Betaxolol

Bevantolol

Bisoprolol

Carteolol

Celiprolol

Clomipramine

Desipramine

Deslanoside

Digitalis

Digitoxin

Digoxin

Dilevalol

Diltiazem

Dofetilide

Dothiepin

Doxepin

Droperidol

Esmolol

Flecainide

Imipramine

Ketanserin

Levobunolol

Levomethadyl

Lithium

Lofepramine

Metildigoxin

Metipranolol

Metoprolol

Mirtazapine

Nadolol

Nebivolol

Nortriptyline

Oxprenolol

Penbutolol

Pindolol

Propranolol

Protriptyline

Sotalol

Tertatolol

Timolol

Trimipramine

Verapamil

Using clonidine and chlorthalidone with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

Alacepril

Apazone

Aspirin

Benazepril

Bromfenac

Captopril

Celecoxib

Chlorpropamide

Cilazapril

Cyclosporine

Delapril

Diclofenac

Diflunisal

Enalaprilat

Enalapril Maleate

Etodolac

Fenoprofen

Fluphenazine

Flurbiprofen

Fosinopril

Gossypol

Ibuprofen

Ibuprofen Lysine

Imidapril

Indomethacin

Ketoprofen

Ketorolac

Licorice

Lisinopril

Magnesium Salicylate

Meclofenamate

Mefenamic Acid

Meloxicam

Mepivacaine

Moexipril

Nabumetone

Naloxone

Naproxen

Nepafenac

Oxaprozin

Pentopril

Perindopril

Piroxicam

Quinapril

Ramipril

Salicylic Acid

Salsalate

Spirapril

Sulindac

Temocapril

Tolmetin

Trandolapril

Yohimbine

Zofenopril

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Proper Use of clonidine and chlorthalidone

clonidine and chlorthalidone may cause you to have an unusual feeling of tiredness when you begin to take it. You may also notice an increase in the amount of urine or in your frequency of urination. After taking the medicine for a while, these effects should lessen. It is best to plan your doses according to a schedule that will least affect your personal activities and sleep. Ask your health care professional to help you plan the best time to take clonidine and chlorthalidone.

In addition to the use of the medicine your doctor has prescribed, appropriate treatment for your high blood pressure may include weight control and care in the types of foods you eat, especially foods high in sodium. Your doctor will tell you which factors are most important for you. You should check with your doctor before changing your diet.

Many patients who have high blood pressure will not notice any signs of the problem. In fact, many may feel normal. It is very important that you take your medicine exactly as directed and that you keep your appointments with your doctor even if you feel well.

Remember that clonidine and chlorthalidone will not cure your high blood pressure but it does help control it. Therefore, you must continue to take it as directed if you expect to lower your blood pressure and keep it down. You may have to take high blood pressure medicine for the rest of your life . If high blood pressure is not treated, it can cause serious problems such as heart failure, blood vessel disease, stroke, or kidney disease.

To help you remember to take your medicine, try to get into the habit of taking it at the same time each day.

Dosing

The dose of clonidine and chlorthalidone will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of clonidine and chlorthalidone. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

For oral dosage form (tablets):
- For high blood pressure:
  - Adults—1 tablet one or two times a day.
  - Children—Use and dose must be determined by your doctor.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of clonidine and chlorthalidone, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

If you miss two or more doses in a row, check with your doctor right away. If your body goes without clonidine and chlorthalidone for too long, your blood pressure may go up to a dangerously high level and some unpleasant effects may occur.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Precautions While Using clonidine and chlorthalidone

It is important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to make sure that clonidine and chlorthalidone is working properly.

Check with your doctor before you stop taking clonidine and chlorthalidone. Your doctor may want you to reduce gradually the amount you are taking before stopping the medicine completely.

Make sure that you have enough medicine on hand to last through weekends, holidays, or vacations. You should not miss taking any doses. You may want to ask your doctor for another written prescription to carry in your wallet or purse. You can then have it filled if you run out of medicine when you are away from home.

Before having any kind of surgery (including dental surgery) or emergency treatment, make sure the medical doctor or dentist in charge knows that you are taking clonidine and chlorthalidone.

Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This especially includes over-the-counter (nonprescription) medicines for appetite control, asthma, colds, cough, hay fever, or sinus problems, since they may tend to increase your blood pressure.

clonidine and chlorthalidone will add to the effects of alcohol and other central nervous system (CNS) depressants (medicines that slow down the nervous system, possibly causing drowsiness). Some examples of CNS depressants are antihistamines or medicine for hay fever, other allergies, or colds; sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine; prescription pain medicine or narcotics; barbiturates; medicine for seizures; muscle relaxants; or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics. Check with your doctor before taking any of the above while you are using clonidine and chlorthalidone.

clonidine and chlorthalidone may cause some people to become drowsy or less alert than they are normally. This is more likely to happen when you begin to take it or when you increase the amount of medicine you are taking. Make sure you know how you react to clonidine and chlorthalidone before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are not alert.

Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting may occur, especially when you get up from a lying or sitting position. Getting up slowly may help, but if the problem continues or gets worse, check with your doctor.

The dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting is also more likely to occur if you drink alcohol, stand for long periods of time, exercise, or if the weather is hot. Drinking alcoholic beverages may also make the drowsiness worse. While you are taking clonidine and chlorthalidone, be careful to limit the amount of alcohol you drink. Also, use extra care during exercise or hot weather or if you must stand for long periods of time.

clonidine and chlorthalidone may cause a loss of potassium from your body.

To help prevent this, your doctor may want you to:
- eat or drink foods that have a high potassium content (for example, orange or other citrus fruit juices), or
- take a potassium supplement, or
- take another medicine to help prevent the loss of the potassium in the first place.

It is very important to follow these directions. Also, it is important not to change your diet on your own. This is more important if you are already on a special diet (as for diabetes), or if you are taking a potassium supplement or a medicine to reduce potassium loss. Extra potassium may not be necessary and, in some cases, too much potassium could be harmful.

Check with your doctor if you become sick and have severe or continuing vomiting or diarrhea. These problems may cause you to lose additional water and potassium.

For patients with diabetes:

The chlorthalidone contained in clonidine and chlorthalidone may raise blood sugar levels. While you are using clonidine and chlorthalidone, be sure to test your blood sugar (glucose) level, or test for sugar in your urine.

clonidine and chlorthalidone may cause your skin to be more sensitive to sunlight than it is normally. Exposure to sunlight, even for brief periods of time, may cause a skin rash, itching, redness or other discoloration of the skin, or a severe sunburn. When you begin taking clonidine and chlorthalidone:

Stay out of direct sunlight, especially between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m., if possible.

Wear protective clothing, including a hat. Also, wear sunglasses.

Apply a sun block product that has a skin protection factor (SPF) of at least 15. Some patients may require a product with a higher SPF number, especially if they have a fair complexion. If you have any questions about this, check with your health care professional.

Apply a sun block for lips that has an SPF of at least 15 to protect your lips.

Do not use a sunlamp or tanning bed or booth.

If you have a severe reaction from the sun, check with your doctor.

clonidine and chlorthalidone may cause dryness of the mouth. For temporary relief, use sugarless candy or gum, melt bits of ice in your mouth, or use a saliva substitute. However, if your mouth continues to feel dry for more than 2 weeks, check with your medical doctor or dentist. Continuing dryness of the mouth may increase the chance of dental disease, including tooth decay, gum disease, and fungus infections.

clonidine and chlorthalidone Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

Signs and symptoms of overdose

Difficulty in breathing

dizziness (extreme) or faintness

feeling cold

pinpoint pupils of eyes

slow heartbeat

unusual tiredness or weakness (extreme)

Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:

Signs and symptoms of too much potassium loss

Dryness of mouth

increased thirst

irregular heartbeat

mood or mental changes

muscle cramps or pain

nausea or vomiting

weak pulse

Signs and symptoms of too much sodium loss

Confusion

convulsions (seizures)

decreased mental activity

irritability

muscle cramps

unusual tiredness or weakness

Less common

Mental depression

swelling of feet and lower legs

Rare

Black, tarry stools

blood in urine or stools

cough or hoarseness

fever or chills

joint pain

lower back or side pain

paleness or cold feeling in fingertips and toes

pinpoint red spots on skin

skin rash or hives

stomach pain (severe) with nausea and vomiting

unusual bleeding or bruising

vivid dreams or nightmares

yellow eyes or skin

More common

Constipation

dizziness

drowsiness

dryness of mouth

unusual tiredness or weakness

Less common

Decreased sexual ability

diarrhea

dizziness or lightheadedness when getting up from a lying or sitting position

dry, itching, or burning eyes

increased sensitivity of skin to sunlight

loss of appetite

nausea or vomiting

nervousness

upset stomach

After you stop using clonidine and chlorthalidone, it may still produce some side effects that need attention. During this period of time, check with your doctor immediately if you notice the following side effects:

Anxiety or tenseness

chest pain

fast or pounding heartbeat

headache

increased salivation

nausea

nervousness

restlessness

shaking or trembling of hands and fingers

stomach cramps

sweating

trouble in sleeping

vomiting

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: clonidine and chlorthalidone side effects (in more detail)

More clonidine and chlorthalidone resources

Clonidine and chlorthalidone Side Effects (in more detail)
Clonidine and chlorthalidone Dosage
Clonidine and chlorthalidone Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
Drug Images
Clonidine and chlorthalidone Drug Interactions
Clonidine and chlorthalidone Support Group
0 Reviews for Clonidine and chlorthalidone - Add your own review/rating

Compare clonidine and chlorthalidone with other medications

High Blood Pressure

Tuesday, June 12, 2012

Boots Dual Action Diarrhoea Relief

Boots Dual Action Diarrhoea Relief

Read all of this leaflet carefully because it contains important information for you.

This medicine is available without prescription to treat sudden short term diarrhoea.

However, you still need to take it carefully to get the best results from it.

Keep this leaflet, you may need to read it again

Ask your pharmacist if you need more information or advice

You must contact a pharmacist or doctor if your symptoms worsen or do not improve after 24 hours

What this medicine is for

This pack contains capsules and sachets. The capsules contain Loperamide which belongs to a group of medicines called anti-diarrhoeals. This acts to relieve the symptoms of sudden, short term diarrhoea (acute diarrhoea). It works by making the stools more solid and less frequent. The sachets contain Glucose and various salts which belong to a group of medicines called oral electrolytes. These act to replace fluids and salts that are lost when you have diarrhoea.

This medicine can be used to relieve acute diarrhoea and replace lost fluids and salts in adults and children 12 years and over.

Before you take this medicine

This medicine can be taken by adults and children aged 12 years and over. However, some people should not take this medicine or should seek the advice of their pharmacist or doctor first.

Do not take:

If you are allergic to any of the ingredients

If you have phenylketonuria (this medicine contains aspartame, a source of phenylalanine)

If you have a swollen stomach, inflammation of the bowel, paralysis of the bowel muscles, pseudomembranous colitis

If you have any condition which may cause constipation or where constipation should be avoided

If you have an intolerance to some sugars, unless your doctor tells you to (this medicine contains glucose and lactose)

If you are under 12 years of age

If you are pregnant

Talk to your pharmacist or doctor:

If you have kidney or severe liver problems

If you are producing little or no urine

If you have persistent diarrhoea or are being sick

If you are unable to drink or keep fluids down

If you are on a low salt (sodium) diet (each sachet contains 276 mg of sodium, which may be harmful to you)

If you are on a low potassium diet (each sachet contains 157 mg of potassium, which may be harmful to you)

If you are breastfeeding

Other important information

Diarrhoea is a common symptom of a number of serious stomach and bowel conditions. If your diarrhoea continues for more than 24 hours or keeps coming back talk to your doctor.

If you take other medicines

This medicine is not expected to affect any medicines that you may be taking. If you are unsure about interactions with any medicines, talk to your pharmacist. This includes medicines prescribed by your doctor and medicine you have bought for yourself, including herbal and homeopathic remedies.

How to take this medicine

Check the foil is not broken before use. If it is, do not take that capsule.

Check the sachet is not broken before use. If it is, do not take the sachet.

To prepare the medicine.

1. Mix the contents of each sachet with 200 ml (seven fluid ounces) of fresh drinking water.

2. When fresh drinking water is not available use freshly boiled and cooled water.

3. Prepare the sachet only as needed and drink within one hour once made up. If required the refrigerated solution may be kept for 24 hours.

4. Only use water to make up the contents of the sachet. Make sure you use the right amount of water (i.e. 200 ml for one sachet, 400 ml for two sachets). This is to make sure the salts and water can be absorbed into the body correctly.

Drink the solution.

Adults and children of 12 years and over:

Capsule: Take two capsules after the first loose bowel movement. After that one capsule only, after each loose bowel movement. Don’t take more than 6 capsules in 24 hours.

Sachet: Take one or two, dissolved in water. Don’t take more than 16 sachets in 24 hours.

Swallow the capsule whole with water.

Do not give to children under 12 years.

Do not take more than the amount recommended above.

Do not take this medicine for more than 24 hours.

If your diarrhoea does not go away within 24 hours talk to your doctor.

If you take too many capsules or sachets: Talk to a doctor straight away. Take your medicine and this leaflet with you.

Possible side effects

Most people will not have problems, but some may get some.

If you get any of these serious side effects, stop taking the capsules. See a doctor at once:

Difficulty in breathing, swelling of the face, neck, tongue or throat (severe allergic reactions)

These other effects are less serious. If they bother you talk to a pharmacist:

Stomach pain

Dry mouth, dizziness, tiredness

Other allergic reactions (e.g. skin rash)

If any side effect becomes severe, or you notice any side effect not listed here, please tell your pharmacist or doctor.

How to store this medicine

Do not store above 25°C. Store in the original package.

Keep this medicine in a safe place out of the sight and reach of children, preferably in a locked cupboard.

Use by the date on the end flap of the carton.

What is in this medicine

Each capsule contains Loperamide Hydrochloride 2 mg and each sachet contains Citric Acid Anhydrous 0.128 g, Glucose Monohydrate 3.58 g, Potassium Chloride 0.3 g, Sodium Chloride 0.47 g, Sodium Citrate 0.39 g which are the active ingredients.

As well as the active ingredients the capsules also contain lactose monohydrate, maize starch, talc, magnesium stearate. The capsule shell contains gelatin, quinoline yellow (E104), erythrosine (E127), patent blue (E131), titanium dioxide (E171). The sachets also contain aspartame (E951, a source of phenylalanine), colloidal silicon dioxide, blackcurrant flavourings.

The pack contains 6 blue and grey coloured capsules and 6 sachets containing white free flowing powder.

Who makes this medicine

Manufactured for

The Boots Company PLC

Nottingham

NG2 3AA

Galpharm International Limited

Upper Cliffe Road

Dodworth Business Park

Dodworth South

Yorkshire

S75 3SP

Marketing Authorisation held by

Galpharm Healthcare Limited

Upper Cliffe Road

Dodworth Business Park

Dodworth South

Yorkshire

S75 3SP

Leaflet prepared January 2008

If you would like any further information about this medicine, please contact

The Boots Company PLC

Nottingham

NG2 3AA

Other formats

To request a copy of this leaflet in Braille, large print or audio please call, free of charge:

0800 198 5000 (UK only)

Please be ready to give the following information:

Product name: Boots Dual Action Diarrhoea Relief

Reference number: 16028/0042

This is a service provided by the Royal National Institute of the Blind.

2834aXPil

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Package Label Principal Display Panel

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